等红灯的司机呼吸着污染严重的空气-凯发手机版

等红灯的司机呼吸着污染严重的空气

文章来源：未知文章作者：enread 发布时间：2015-02-16 07:27 字体： [ ]　

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uk commuters spend an average of about 1.5 hours a day at the wheel. road vehicles in particular are known to emit polluting nanoparticles which contribute to respiratory and heart diseases. now, researchers at the university of surrey have found that where drivers spend just 2% of their journey time passing through traffic ¹ managed by lights, this short duration contributes to about 25% of total exposure to these harmful particles. the team monitored drivers' exposure to air ² at various points of a journey. signalised traffic intersections were found to be high pollution hot-spots due to the frequent changes in driving conditions. with drivers decelerating and stopping at lights, then ³ up to move quickly when lights go green, peak particle concentration was found to be 29 times higher than that during free flowing traffic conditions. as well as concentration, researchers found that as cars tend to be close together at lights, the likelihood of exposure to vehicle ⁴ is also significantly increased.

"air pollution was recently placed in the top ten health risks faced by human beings globally, with the world health organization linking air pollution to seven million ⁵ deaths every year," said lead author, dr prashant kumar, from the university of surrey.

"our time spent travelling in cars has remain fairly constant during the past decade despite the efforts to reduce it and with more cars than ever joining the roads, we are being exposed to increasing levels of air pollution as we undertake our daily ⁶."

"it's not always possible to change your route to avoid these intersections, but drivers should be aware of the increased risks at busy lights. the best ways to limit your exposure is to keep vehicle windows shut, fans off and try to increase the distance between you and the car in front where possible. ⁷ regularly crossing such routes should consider whether there might be other paths less dependent on traffic light crossings. local transport agencies could also help by synchronising traffic signals to reduce waiting time and consider alternative traffic management systems such as ⁸."

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1
n.横断( intersection的名词复数 )；交叉；交叉点；交集
参考例句：
traffic lights have been placed at all major intersections. 所有重要的交叉路口都安装了交通信号灯。 intersections are of the greatest importance in highway design. 在道路设计中，交叉口占有最重要的地位。来自辞典例句

2
污染物质（尤指工业废物）( pollutant的名词复数 )
参考例句：
pollutants are constantly being released into the atmosphere. 污染物质正在不断地被排放到大气中去。 the 1987 amendments limit 301(g) discharges to a few well-studied nonconventional pollutants. 1987年的修正案把第301条（g）的普通排放限制施加在一些认真研究过的几种非常规污染物上。来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

3
v.（使）加速( rev的现在分词 )；（数量、活动等）激增；（使发动机）快速旋转；（使）活跃起来
参考例句：
the team are revving up for next week's game. 这个队伍对下周的比赛跃跃欲试。来自《简明英汉词典》 since the introduction of new techniques, the production has been revving up. 自从新技术的引进，产量一直都在增加。来自互联网

4
排放物( emission的名词复数 )；散发物（尤指气体）
参考例句：
most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。 dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

5
adj.比预期时间早的；不成熟的，仓促的
参考例句：
it is yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue.预言这次对话可能有什么结果为时尚早。 the premature baby is doing well.那个早产的婴儿很健康。

6
上下班路程( commute的名词复数 )
参考例句：
she commutes from oxford to london every day. 她每天上下班往返于牛津与伦敦之间。 barbara lives in oxford and commutes. 芭芭拉住在牛津，通勤往来。

7
n.步行者( pedestrian的名词复数 )
参考例句：
several pedestrians had come to grief on the icy pavement. 几个行人在结冰的人行道上滑倒了。来自《简明英汉词典》 pedestrians keep to the sidewalk [footpath]! 行人走便道。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

8
n.立交桥，高架公路( flyover的名词复数 )；（单机或编队）低空飞行
参考例句：
flyovers have changed the face of the city. 立交桥改变了城市的面貌。来自辞典例句 to a limited extent one can compare beijing to delhi. wide roads, flyovers andand formal atmosphere. 在某种程度上，可以把北京与德里做个比较：宽阔的马路、立交桥、城市氛围等。来自互联网